A Review of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa - 998 Words

BOOK TITLE – HOW EUROPE UNDERDEVELOPED AFRICA AUTHOR –WALTER RODNEY (1972) Re: Published by Panaf Publishing Incorporated, Abuja – Nigeria. (By arrangement with Howard University Press, Washington) Book page: 361 (Three Hundred and sixty one) REVIEWER: NSE VICTOR O. Modern Africa historians have correctly stressed that Africa had a meaningful past long before the coming of the Europeans. Also Africa has been argued to be the cradle of the world civilization, but whether or not Africa went to sleep or signed a supposed amiable pact with Europe and the Western Bloc which paved way for the woeful turn of events contemporary is contentions. For a full appreciated of the situation that present reputable scholars have argued that â€Å"for Africa†¦show more content†¦The author argued contrary to pervasive sentiments displayed by bourgeois scholars who argue in favour of the good side of colonialism outweighing the bad side. Rodney, Opined that this contention is completely false. Colonialism had only one hand- it was a one-armed bandit. (Rodney, 1972: 247). This further saw to the power seizure from Africa which had damaging consequences socially. Economically and politically. The structure of the colonial education system was not left out in the entire manipulation in consonance with the perpetuation of the existence of colonial dominance. The last segment of this chapter (Development by contradiction) illustrates ‘white man in black man skin’, that is the withdrawal of direct control by colonizers with an attendant installation of indigenous incorporated dependent bourgeois comparados (tried and tested puppets in the hands of metropolitan superpowers) whose services are comparable to a conduit perpetuancy Africa’s underdevelopment. This piece of literature is not without criticisms despite its wide range coverage. The author was not ignorant of certain positive features of colonialism rather he opined that they were grossly inconsequential when placed side by side it negative effects. In as much as this is contentious, critics have argued that the author was propelled by a value considered as being extreme in its bias in favour of the periphery. Critiques have further argued thatShow MoreRelatedOil And Natural Gas : A Source Of Strategic Power956 Words   |  4 Pagesgeopolitics and geoeconomics in current global economy (â€Å"Review of Michael Klare s Blood and Oil,† n.d.). Great value and large imports of oil in Middle East encourage certain powerful developed countries to meddle resources in this region, which creates massive chaos and social controversies. Middle Eastern oil resources have been regarded as â€Å"a stupendous source of strategic power† by a State Department memo since 1945 (â€Å"Film Review,† 2009). Currently, five countries in the Middle East ownRead MoreInfluenced By Marxism And Imperialism915 Words   |  4 PagesAmin (Accumulation on a World Scale and Unequal Development, 1974/1976), and Walter Rodney (‘How Europe underdeveloped Africa’,1972). While critics of the dependency theories are always quick to point to the successes of the Asian Tigers, it is important to keep in mind the differences between their colonial experience (and subsequent dependent relations with the Western imperialists) and Latin America or Africa. The fact that the idea of the developmental state is perhaps more plausible in their regionRead MoreEffects Of Colonial Policies And Practices Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesAmira Musah Professor Konadu AFN 122-1201 November 20th, 2016 The detrimental impact of colonial policies and practices on â€Å"colonial† and post-colonial Africa. In spite of their independence, African nations continue to face serious economic, social, and military challenges. 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Lessons for an Accidental Profession - 3870 Words

Lessons for an Accidental Profession Authors: J.K Pinto O.P Kharbanda Team members: - Guajardo Perez, Karina. - Nguyen, Quang. - Tang, Shengze. - Yang, Xiaojian. Project 1: Lessons for an accidental profession Index Introduction...................................................................................................................3 Report Question 1 .........................................................................................................4 Report Question 2 .........................................................................................................9 Report Question 3 .......................................................................................................10 Report†¦show more content†¦Good project managers are facilitators so they have to be on service of all the needs of the project and also people. Sometimes this could be a hard mission, and not easy to achieve. PM to succeed have to do a big labour within projects, and sometimes there is a misunderstanding about what project management exactly means. In general, a good PM has to have both, training and experience. This is why this career path can be considered as an â€Å"Accidental Profession†. It can be trained but it is composed by different skills that can only be achieved by experience. Second part of the question: The second part of the question is to organize the guidelines in order of priority. It is important to mention that those guidelines were created by a study made to a considerable number of successful project managers. The main idea was to find the main skills that a project manager has to have to be successful. Following this point of view, it is possible to classify the guidelines in three groups which represent the three more important skills that a project manager has to develop: 1. Understanding. 2. People. 3. Planning. 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Political Dynasty free essay sample

The Philippine Constitution is a Social Contract which embodies the fundamental principles and policies, according to which the Filipino people are governed by the State. The fundamental principles are abstract and as such they cover every aspect of the life of the Filipino people; while the fundamental policies cover specific areas of application of those principles. The fundamental principles remain fixed and permanent, but the policies built upon those principles can be modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs of the times. The title is product of my out of the box philosophizing about the provisions of Section 1 and Section 26 taken together of Article II of our Constitution. I must say that philosophizing does not tell us my conclusions and/or thoughts are right or wrong, true or false, but it has certainly given me the basis upon which to present my meta-understanding of Section 1 and Section 26: Article II, Section 1 says: â€Å"The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. † This is the most basic principle of the Constitution, and it refers to a natural law as formulated and accepted in the mind; it refers also to essential truth upon which other truths are based. Article II, Section 26: â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † This is a policy built upon the principle of Section 1, and it refers to a planned line of conduct in the light of which individual decisions on political dynasties are made and coordination is achieved. Moreover, political dynasties refer to the line of politicians of the same families. Every coin has two inseparable opposite sides – the head and the tail yet they complement each other as they are opposed to each other to constitute only one coin. Similarly, the political issue on dynasty has two opposite yet complementary sides (a) â€Å"the principle of political dynasty† of Section 1 and (b) the â€Å"the policy of political dynasty† of Section 26. Both Sections constitute one Article II. The policy of Section 26 names the specific area of application of the principle of Section 1 of the same Article II. The policy of Section 26 is built upon the basic principle of Section 1. Moreover, the fundamental principle of Section 1 remain fixed and permanent, but policies of Section 3 can be are modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs and demands of the times. The People: The Creators and Masters of Political Dynasties The phrase â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people, and all government authority emanates from them† clearly shows that the people are the habitat of the sovereignty. However, â€Å"people† have two distinct yet mutually complementary meanings, namely, â€Å"people as electorate† which is the source of political power of elected politicians and â€Å"people as corporate nation† which is the reason for being of elected politicians. These â€Å"dual meanings of people† effectively signify that the elected politicians are â€Å"public servants† of the people; hence the people are their â€Å"boss and master† in our democratic and republican state, not the way around By virtue of their sovereign power, the people are superior to any and all existing political dynasties, whose reason for being is service to their masters, the people. On moral grounds, the people must be awakened to the reality that they are the boss of political dynasties, and therefore they have no reason to fear the, before, during, and after political elections. Centrality of Morality in the Constitution The centrality of morality to our Constitution is evident in the Preamble, in the imploration to Almighty God for aid to build a just and humane society and to establish a Government that shall embody the Filipino ideals and aspirations and promote their common good under a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace. The rest of the Constitution revolves around these moral ideals and moral values. These are the moral foundations of the Social Ethics Society. There are socio-economic phenomena in many areas of the country where the life-style and the exercise of political power by political dynasties is betrayal of public trust, because it is not in accord with the following moral imperatives and criteria of right and wrong in public service: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest life†. (Article X on Accountability) Every elected politician in the public service is bound to abide by those mandates. Congress had passed anti-graft and anti-corruption laws, e. g. RA No. 6713, also known as Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees, in the public service. However, it appears that many of our elected politicians pay only â€Å"lip service† to anti-Graft and Anti-Corruptions laws. For instance, there are widespread phenomena of bribery and corruption in the public service, reportedly perpetuated by corrupt politician, many of whom are allegedly members of political dynasties. Centrality of Morality to Legality The Preamble provides the moral grounds and the foundation of ethical politics of several Articles of the Constitution. No statutory law is enforceable if it is unconstitutional; and the Constitution cannot be enforced if it is immoral. The bottom line any enabling law on political dynasty is legally binding upon the Filipinos, only if it is constitutional and moral. A law that is moral is always constitutional, but a law that is constitutional is not necessarily moral. A Moral and Ethical Proposal I believe the policy of Section 26 which â€Å"prohibits political dynasties as may be defined by law† has two distinct opposite sides, (1) â€Å"the letter of the Constitution† which is the legalistic side, and (2) the â€Å"spirit of the Constitution† which is the ethical side. The pro-political dynasty advocates and promoters behave in accord with legal politics. Their action is legal so long as there is no law defining and enabling the constitutional prohibition against political dynasties. Therefore, the anti-dynasty advocates and promoters should stand on moral and ethical grounds against political dynasties. It is my proposal on moral and ethical grounds that the anti-dynasty advocates should develop and promote the concept of â€Å"political dynasty of the people† based on the principle of Section 1 face-to-face the â€Å"political dynasties of oligarchs† based on the policy of Section 26 but built upon the principle of Section 1. When there is a conflict between a principle and its policy, the principle should prevail over its policy. Moral, Ethical, and Legal Practices in Politics Moral and ethical are similar in meaning in that they both have to do with the difference between right and wrong. They are dissimilar in meaning in that ethical tends to refer to a code, system, theory, or standard of judging rightness or wrongness of moral behavior; whereas moral tends to refer to more concrete choices and issues that arouse strong feelings. In other words, moral refers to good and evil, while ethical refers to right and wrong. Because of the untruthful disclosure of his SALN per Code of Ethics, former SC Chief Justice Renato Corona was found ethically wanting for which he was impeached, despite his superior legalistic knowledge of law; Hence, we could say that â€Å"what is moral is always ethical, but what is ethical is not necessarily moral. † Hence, when an elected politician acts according to RA 6714, his behavior is ethical as well as legal â€Å"what is ethical is always legal, but what is legal is not necessarily ethical†. The Pursuit of Ethical Politics Our major problem in the pursuit of ethical politics is the lack of political will on the part of the people as electorate. Let us awaken and educate their political consciousness, and empower their political will by making them conscious of their being the political dynasty that is superior over all existing political dynasties of oligarchs† per mandate of Article II, Section 1 that the people are the habitat of sovereign power, but the exercise of such pwer is delegated and vested upon elected politicians. Assume that Congress would never pass the law enabling the policy against political dynasties; let us then resort to the principle of Section 1 in Article II. This principle does not require any enabling law because it is precisely the ultimate basis of all enabling laws. This is the principle why the political candidates try to win the votes of the people during political campaigns. We have indeed laws prescribing the requirements of the policy to vote. The Social Ethics Society can start the movement to marginalize the political dynasties,, if not altogether eliminate them eventually from the political landscape of the Philippine.